Biofluidome: Functional Analysis of the Human Biofluidome

Determination of Biofluid Proxies for Disease and Drug Interaction

Biofluids represent tremendous promise as diagnostic tools as carrier of biomarkers and multitude of proteins which could be used to explore proteomes either of specific tissues or organism or both. The Human Biofluidome database represents most comprehensive analysis and collection of non-redundant and annotated human biofluid proteins to date. It characterizes functional diversity and effective efficiency of proteins human biofluids based on their comparison with the annotations of other human proteomes represented by human NCBI Refseq proteins. Enrichment and under-enrichment of proteins represents their biased distribution, which can be exploited for diagnostic purposes to focus on biomarkers signaling specific attributes associated with specific biofluid. Functional diversity of biofluid essentially represents its breadth which represents how efficiently a proteome obtained functional diversity and Effective-efficiency rate represents how efficiently a proteome obtained depth in functional annotation. These rates are quantified here.

"Diversity_efficiency" and "Effective_efficiency" provide additional metrics that reveal valuable information about proteins present, indicating inherent presence or absence of biomarkers exhibiting specific attributes associated with them. This information is of high significance in relevance of in clinical studies and biomarkers discovery addressing hindrance dynamic range of proteins present in biofluids often encountered by researchers. Biomarkers are resultant of the interactions between genes and proteins characteristic of a tissue or an organism. Loss of information or noise introduced due to internal or external sources could obscure information about biomarkers. Relative entropy measure can give a measure of such lost when calculated across the channel between tissue and biofluids. Biofluids with least amount of noise injected in the channel represents a more accurate proteome of a tissue or an organism. P-values can be calculated to help quantify the significance of the findings.

Diversity_efficiency rate = (Total number of GO terms (GO category)) / (Number of proteins in proteome)

Effective_efficiency rate = (Total number of effectiveness (GO category)) / (Number of proteins in proteome)